几种常见手板加工方式

　　Several Common Handboard Processing Methods

　　手板在某些情况下称为首版，顾名思义就是在没有大批量的生产前，根据产品外观图纸和结构

　　A prototype is sometimes referred to as the first version, as the name suggests, based on the appearance drawings and structure of the product before mass production

　　图纸一般先做出来少量的样品，从而用来检查产品外观或者结构合理性功能样板。

　　A small number of samples are usually made on the drawing first, which can be used to check the appearance or structural rationality of the product as a functional template.

　　那么哪些行业是手板厂或者手板公司精准用户呢？运用站长之家的大数据工具，我们搜索手板

　　So which industries are prototype factories or prototype companies precise users? Using the big data tools of Webmaster's Home, we search for templates

　　这一关键词，发现需求比较旺盛的是汽车、家电、电器、玩具、医疗器械、科技等行业。为这些

　　This keyword has been found to be in high demand in industries such as automobiles, home appliances, appliances, toys, medical devices, and technology. For these

　　行业制作手板和快速模具，国内常用的方式有：CNC加工、SLA、SLS、SLM、FDM、真空复模、

　　The commonly used methods for manufacturing hand boards and rapid molds in the industry in China include CNC machining, SLA, SLS, SLM, FDM, vacuum lamination

　　低压灌注、钣金制作，我们将从定义、使用材料、软件使用、可加工零件、优点和缺点上比较这

　　We will compare low-pressure injection and sheet metal production in terms of definition, materials used, software usage, machinable parts, advantages and disadvantages

　　几种手板加工方式。

　　Several hand board processing methods.

　　1. CNC加工

　　1. CNC machining

　　CNC加工是电脑数控机床，按编程好的程序通过控制刀路把一整块板材切削而成，是目前在国内应用为

　　CNC machining is a computer numerical control machine tool that uses a programmed program to control the cutting path to cut an entire sheet metal. It is currently the most widely used in China

　　广泛的手板制作方法，操作方法复杂，需要操作人有丰富的经验。

　　A wide range of methods for making hand boards, with complex operation methods, require operators to have rich experience.

　　主要用于在塑胶与金属板材的加工，可在市场上所有板材上进行切割，是一种减材技术，只能加工出有

　　Mainly used for the processing of plastic and metal sheets, it can be cut on all sheets in the market and is a material reduction technology that can only produce products with

　　一定弧度的圆角，而无法直接加工出内直角，要通过线切割/打火花等工艺来实现。

　　A rounded corner with a certain degree of curvature cannot be directly machined into an inner right angle, which needs to be achieved through processes such as wire cutting/spark cutting.

　　2.SLA

　　SLA

　　SLA即立体光固化成型法，3D打印技术的一种，所用材料类多为树脂，用特定波长与强度的紫外线

　　SLA, also known as stereolithography, is a type of 3D printing technology that uses resin materials and specific wavelengths and intensities of ultraviolet radiation

　　激光聚焦到光敏树脂表面，使之层层固化，终层层叠加构成一个三维实体。

　　The laser is focused on the surface of the photosensitive resin, causing it to solidify layer by layer, and finally layer by layer to form a three-dimensional solid.

　　凡是3D打印均是一种增材技术，从0到1的过程。SLA是早出现的快速原型制造工艺，成熟度高，

　　All 3D printing is an additive technology, a process from 0 to 1. SLA is the earliest rapid prototyping manufacturing process with high maturity,

　　由CAD数字模型直接制成原型，加工速度快，产品生产周期短，无需切削工具与模具，可以加工

　　Prototypes are directly made from CAD digital models, with fast processing speed, short product production cycle, no need for cutting tools and molds, and can be processed

　　结构外形复杂或使用传统手段难于成型的原型和模具。

　　Prototypes and molds with complex structural shapes or difficult to shape using traditional methods.

　　SLA设备昂贵对工厂环境要求比较高，模具成型后强度，刚度，耐热性有限，不利于长时间保存。

　　SLA equipment is expensive and has high requirements for the factory environment. The strength, stiffness, and heat resistance of the mold after molding are limited, which is not conducive to long-term storage.

　　3.SLS

　　3. SLS

　　SLS即选择性激光熔融，3D打印技术一种，目前成熟的工艺材料为蜡粉及塑料粉。打印时激光束对

　　SLS, also known as selective laser melting, is a type of 3D printing technology that currently uses mature process materials such as wax powder and plastic powder. Laser beam alignment during printing

　　平铺的粉末进行有选择地烧结，一层完成粉盒下降，再平铺一层粉末激光烧结，全部烧结拿出粉盒

　　The flat powder is selectively sintered, with one layer completing the descent of the powder box, followed by another layer of powder laser sintering, all of which are sintered and the powder box is taken out

　　去掉多余的粉末，就可以得到一烧结好的零件。

　　By removing excess powder, a sintered part can be obtained.

　　SLS制作的手板模具强度高，韧性好，可用来制作轴承、齿轮、精密部件、电子部件，因不需支撑，

　　The prototype molds made by SLS have high strength and good toughness, and can be used to make bearings, gears, precision components, and electronic components without the need for support,

　　材料的利用率高；但它的在手板加工过程中有污染；速度相对较慢。

　　High utilization rate of materials; But it is contaminated during the prototype processing; The speed is relatively slow.

　　4.SLM

　　4. SLM

　　SLM即选区激光熔化成型技术，是目前金属3D打印成型中普遍的技术，采用精细聚焦光斑快速

　　SLM, also known as selective laser melting and forming technology, is currently the most common technology in metal 3D printing and forming, which uses fine focusing of light spots for rapid processing

　　熔化预置金属粉末，直接获得任意形状以及具有完全冶金结合的零件，得到的制作致密度可达

　　Melt preset metal powder to directly obtain parts of any shape and complete metallurgical bonding, resulting in a production density of up to

　　99%以上。

　　Over 99%.

　　SLM制作手板模具的过程中，由于制件通常较复杂，需要打印支撑材料，制件完成后需要去除支撑，

　　In the process of SLM making prototype molds, due to the complexity of the parts, it is necessary to print support materials, and after the parts are completed, the support needs to be removed,

　　并对制件的表面进行处理，所以制作时间会比较长，成本较高。

　　And the surface of the parts will be treated, so the production time will be longer and the cost will be higher.

　　5.FDM

　　5. FDM

　　FDM即熔积成型法，FDM的材料一般是热塑性材料，如蜡、ABS、尼龙等，以丝状供料。材料在

　　FDM, also known as melt deposition molding, is typically made of thermoplastic materials such as wax, ABS, nylon, etc., supplied in a filamentous form. Materials in

　　喷头内被加热熔化。喷头沿零件截面轮廓和填充轨迹运动，同时将熔化的材料挤出，材料迅速凝固，

　　The nozzle is heated and melted inside. The nozzle moves along the cross-sectional profile and filling trajectory of the part, while extruding the melted material, causing it to quickly solidify,

　　并与周围的材料凝结。

　　And coagulate with surrounding materials.

　　FDM制作手板模具的过程中， 相对较低，材料无害，无模具费，可以制作多种颜色，

　　In the process of making prototype molds using FDM, the price is relatively low, the materials are safe and harmless, there is no mold fee, and multiple colors can be produced,

　　但是不能打印镂空产品。

　　But cannot print hollow products.

　　FDM加工完的手板模具有较明显条纹，成型精度相对较低，需要设计和制作支撑结构，成型时间较长。

　　The hand board mold processed by FDM has obvious stripes and relatively low forming accuracy, requiring the design and production of supporting structures, resulting in a longer forming time.

　　6.真空复模

　　6. Vacuum replica

　　真空复模是利用产品原型（如：SLA或手板加工）在真空状态下制作出硅胶模具，并在真空状态

　　Vacuum replica is the production of silicone molds using product prototypes (such as SLA or prototype processing) in a vacuum state, and then in a vacuum state

　　下采用PU 材料进行浇注，从而克隆出与产品原型相同的复制件。

　　Using PU material for pouring, a replica identical to the product prototype was cloned.

　　真空覆膜是目前全世界使用普遍的手板复制技术；技术可应用于改变产品原型的材质、组装样机

　　Vacuum lamination is currently the most commonly used prototype replication technology worldwide; Technology can be applied to changing the material of product prototypes and assembling prototypes

　　或进行产品小批量生产等方面，以满足产品开发过程中的性能测试、市场推广以及送检、审批等需求；

　　Or carry out small-scale production of products to meet the needs of performance testing, market promotion, inspection, approval, etc. during the product development process;

　　选用不同的PU材料，可以复制橡胶零件、透明零件、耐高温零件等，普通PU 材料较脆、韧性及耐

　　Choosing different PU materials can replicate rubber parts, transparent parts, high-temperature resistant parts, etc. Ordinary PU materials are more brittle, tough, and resistant

　　高温都比较差。

　　The high temperature is relatively poor.

　　7.低压灌注

　　7. Low pressure perfusion

　　低压灌注又名低压反应注射成型，是应用于快速模制品生产的一项新工艺，它将双组份聚氨酯材料

　　Low pressure injection molding, also known as low pressure reaction injection molding, is a new process applied in the production of rapid molded products. It combines two-component polyurethane materials

　　经混合后，在常温、低压环境下注入快速模具内，通过材料的聚合、交联、固化等化学和物理过

　　After mixing, it is injected into the rapid mold at room temperature and low pressure, and undergoes chemical and physical processes such as material polymerization, cross-linking, and curing

　　程形成制品。

　　Cheng formed a product.

　　低压灌注生成手板模具具有效率高、生产周期短、过程简单、成本低的优点，适用于产品开发

　　Low pressure injection molding has the advantages of high efficiency, short production cycle, simple process, and low cost, making it suitable for product development

　　过程中的小批量试制，以及小批量生产的、结构较简单的覆盖件和大型厚壁及不均匀壁厚制品的生产。

　　Small batch trial production during the process, as well as the production of small batch, structurally simple covering parts and large thick and uneven wall thickness products.

　　8.钣金制作

　　8. Sheet metal production

　　钣金制作即对钢板、铝板、铜板等金属板材进行加工，包含激光切割、冲压、折弯等，钣金加工

　　Sheet metal production refers to the processing of metal sheets such as steel plates, aluminum plates, copper plates, etc., including laser cutting, stamping, bending, etc. Sheet metal processing

　　的原材料的显著特性就是同一零件厚度一致。

　　The significant characteristic of the raw materials is that the thickness of the same part is consistent.

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